Episode 18 — 전치사 심화: 규칙이 아니라 이미지로 익혀라

MisoEnglish Grammar Series

Episode 18 — 전치사 심화

규칙이 아니라 이미지로 익혀라

"문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" Don't memorize grammar. Feel it.

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🧭 들어가며 | Introduction

Episode 17에서 in, on, at의 이미지를 익혔다. 이번 편에서는 나머지 핵심 전치사들을 다룬다.

In Episode 17, we built the images of in, on, at. This episode covers the remaining core prepositions.

for, with, by, from, to, about, of —

이것들도 각각 고유한 이미지가 있다. 그 이미지를 느끼면, 어떤 상황에서도 올바른 전치사가 자연스럽게 떠오른다.

Each of these also carries a distinct image. Feel the image — the right preposition follows naturally.

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1. for — 향함, 목적, 기간 | Direction, Purpose, Duration

for의 핵심 이미지: → 어딘가를 향해 뻗어나가는 화살표

Core image of "for": → an arrow reaching toward something

목적 / 대상 | Purpose / Recipient

I bought this for you. 이거 너를 위해 샀어.
She studied hard for the exam. 그녀는 시험을 위해 열심히 공부했다.
What's this tool for? 이 도구는 뭐에 쓰는 거야?
He works for a tech company. 그는 기술 회사를 위해 일한다.

기간 | Duration

I've lived here for ten years. 나는 10년째 여기서 살고 있다.
She studied for three hours. 그녀는 세 시간 동안 공부했다.
We waited for a long time. 우리는 오랫동안 기다렸다.

이유 / 원인 | Reason

Thank you for your help. 도와줘서 고마워.
She was punished for lying. 그녀는 거짓말 때문에 벌을 받았다.

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2. with — 함께, 도구, 동반 | Together, Instrument, Accompaniment

with의 핵심 이미지: 두 가지가 나란히 붙어있는 것

Core image of "with": two things side by side, together

함께 | Together / Accompaniment

She came with her friends. 그녀는 친구들과 함께 왔다.
He lives with his parents. 그는 부모님과 함께 산다.
I had coffee with milk. 나는 우유를 넣은 커피를 마셨다.

도구 / 수단 | Instrument / Means

He cut it with a knife. 그는 칼로 그것을 잘랐다.
She wrote with a red pen. 그녀는 빨간 펜으로 썼다.
I fixed it with tape. 나는 테이프로 그것을 고쳤다.

상태 / 감정 | State / Emotion

She spoke with confidence. 그녀는 자신 있게 말했다.
He left with a smile. 그는 미소를 지으며 떠났다.
I'm satisfied with the result. 나는 결과에 만족한다.

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3. by — 수단, 기한, 행위자 | Means, Deadline, Agent

by의 핵심 이미지: 옆을 지나쳐 가는 것 → 수단 / 기한

Core image of "by": passing alongside → means / deadline

수단 / 교통 | Means / Transport

I go to work by bus. 나는 버스로 출근한다.
She traveled by train. 그녀는 기차로 여행했다.
He sent it by email. 그는 이메일로 보냈다.
Pay by credit card. 신용카드로 결제하세요.

⚠️ by + 교통수단 → 관사 없음!

~~by a bus~~ ❌ → by bus ✅

기한 | Deadline

Submit it by Friday. 금요일까지 제출하세요.
I'll be done by noon. 정오까지 끝낼게.
She needs it by tomorrow. 그녀는 내일까지 필요하다.

수동태의 행위자 | Agent in Passive Voice

The book was written by Hemingway. 그 책은 헤밍웨이에 의해 쓰였다.
The window was broken by the wind. 창문이 바람에 깨졌다.

위치 — 옆에 | Location — Beside

She sat by the window. 그녀는 창가에 앉았다.
The café is by the river. 그 카페는 강가에 있다.

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4. from — 출발점, 기원 | Starting Point, Origin

from의 핵심 이미지: ← 어딘가에서 출발해 나오는 것

Core image of "from": ← departing from a starting point

출발점 / 기원 | Origin / Source

She is from Korea. 그녀는 한국 출신이다.
This wine is from France. 이 와인은 프랑스산이다.
I got a letter from him. 나는 그에게서 편지를 받았다.
He learned it from his father. 그는 아버지에게서 그것을 배웠다.

시간의 시작점 | Starting Point in Time

The store is open from 9 to 6. 가게는 9시부터 6시까지 연다.
From now on, I'll be more careful. 지금부터 더 조심할게.

분리 / 차이 | Separation / Difference

This is different from that. 이것은 저것과 다르다
. Keep him away from trouble. 그를 문제에서 멀리 해.

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5. to — 도착점, 방향 | Destination, Direction

to의 핵심 이미지: → 어딘가를 향해, 도착점이 있는 방향

Core image of "to": → directed toward a destination

방향 / 목적지 | Direction / Destination

She went to school. 그녀는 학교에 갔다.
He moved to New York. 그는 뉴욕으로 이사했다.
Give this to her. 이것을 그녀에게 줘.

시간의 끝점 | End Point in Time

I work from 9 to 6. 나는 9시부터 6시까지 일한다.
It takes 20 minutes to get there. 거기까지 20분 걸린다.

from vs to | 출발 vs 도착

from ← [출발점]    [도착점] → to

She traveled from Seoul to Busan. 그녀는 서울에서 부산까지 여행했다.

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6. about — 주제, 대략 | Topic, Approximation

about의 핵심 이미지: 무언가의 주변을 맴도는 것

Core image of "about": circling around something

주제 | Topic

Tell me about yourself. 자기소개 해봐.
We talked about the project. 우리는 프로젝트에 대해 이야기했다.
I'm worried about you. 나는 너에 대해 걱정된다.
What's the movie about? 그 영화는 무슨 내용이야?

대략 | Approximately

She's about 30 years old. 그녀는 약 30살이다.
It costs about 50 dollars. 약 50달러 정도 한다.
I'll be there about 7. 7시쯤 거기 있을게.

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7. of — 소속, 구성, 관계 | Belonging, Composition, Relation

of의 핵심 이미지: A of B → B의 A, B에 속하는 A

Core image of "of": A of B → A belonging to / coming from B

소유 / 소속 | Possession / Belonging

the capital of Korea 한국의 수도
the end of the story 이야기의 끝
a friend of mine 나의 친구

구성 / 재료 | Composition / Material

a cup of coffee 커피 한 잔
a piece of paper 종이 한 장
a group of students 학생들의 그룹
made of wood 나무로 만들어진

수량 표현 | Quantity

most of them 그들 대부분
some of the students 학생들 중 일부
all of us 우리 모두

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8. 전치사 총정리 이미지 맵 | Complete Image Map

전치사 핵심 이미지 주요 쓰임

in	📦 안에	공간 내부, 넓은 기간
on	📄 표면	접촉, 날짜·요일
at	📍 한 점	지점, 정확한 시각
for	→ 향함	목적, 기간, 이유
with	∥ 함께	동반, 도구, 상태
by	↝ 옆을 지나	수단, 기한, 행위자
from	← 출발점	기원, 시작점, 분리
to	→ 도착점	방향, 목적지, 끝점
about	○ 주변	주제, 대략
of	∈ 소속	소유, 구성, 수량

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📌 이번 편 요약 | Episode Summary

1. for → 향함 — 목적, 기간, 이유 for → toward — purpose, duration, reason
2. with ∥ 함께 — 동반, 도구, 상태 with ∥ together — accompaniment, instrument, state
3. by ↝ 옆을 지나 — 수단, 기한, 수동태 행위자 by ↝ passing — means, deadline, passive agent
4. from ← 출발점 — 기원, 시작, 분리 from ← starting point — origin, start, separation
5. to → 도착점 — 방향, 목적지, 끝점 to → destination — direction, destination, end point
6. about ○ 주변 — 주제, 대략 about ○ around — topic, approximation
7. of ∈ 소속 — 소유, 구성, 수량 of ∈ belonging — possession, composition, quantity

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🔜 다음 편 예고 | Coming Up Next

Episode 19 — 형용사 : 명사를 살아있게 만드는 법 Adjectives: How to Bring Nouns to Life

형용사는 단순히 명사를 꾸미는 게 아니다.
위치에 따라 의미가 달라지고, 순서에도 규칙이 있다.
영어가 사물을 묘사하는 정밀한 방식을 파헤친다.

Adjectives don't just modify nouns.
Their position changes meaning.
Their order follows a hidden pattern.
We dig into the precise way English describes things.

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© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 3 — Episode 18 "문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" | "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

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Prepositions in Depth: Learn by Image, Not by Rule

for, with, by, from, to, about, of — The Complete Picture

MisoEnglish Grammar Series — Episode 18

"Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

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Introduction

In Episode 17, we built three images: in (inside), on (surface), at (a point). Now we complete the map with seven more core prepositions — each with its own image, each with its own feel.

Don't memorize these as lists. See the image. Feel what each preposition is doing.

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1. for → Reaching Toward

"For" carries the sense of direction toward a purpose, recipient, or period.

Purpose / recipient:

I bought this for you.
She studied for the exam.
What's this tool for?

Duration:

I've lived here for ten years.
She studied for three hours.

Reason:

Thank you for your help.
She was punished for lying.

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2. with ∥ Side by Side

"With" places two things together — people, objects, or states.

Accompaniment:

She came with her friends.
I had coffee with milk.

Instrument / means:

He cut it with a knife.
She wrote with a red pen.

State / emotion:

She spoke with confidence.
I'm satisfied with the result.

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3. by ↝ Passing Alongside

"By" implies something passing close to — a means, a deadline, or an agent.

Means / transport:

I go to work by bus.
He sent it by email.
Pay by credit card.

⚠️ by + transport = no article: by bus ✅ / ~~by a bus~~ ❌

Deadline:

Submit it by Friday.
I'll be done by noon.

Passive agent:

The book was written by Hemingway.
The window was broken by the wind.

Location — beside:

She sat by the window.
The café is by the river.

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4. from ← Departing

"From" marks a starting point — the origin of movement, time, or difference.

Origin / source:

She is from Korea.
I got a letter from him.
He learned it from his father.

Starting point in time:

The store is open from 9 to 6.
From now on, I'll be more careful.

Separation / difference:

This is different from that.

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5. to → Arriving

"To" points toward a destination — where movement ends.

Direction / destination:

She went to school.
Give this to her.

End point in time:

I work from 9 to 6.

from → to:

She traveled from Seoul to Busan.

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6. about ○ Circling Around

"About" orbits a topic or gives an approximation.

Topic:

Tell me about yourself.
I'm worried about you.
What's the movie about?

Approximation:

She's about 30 years old.
It costs about 50 dollars.

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7. of ∈ Belonging

"Of" expresses belonging, composition, or a part-whole relationship.

Possession / belonging:

the capital of Korea
a friend of mine
the end of the story

Composition / material:

a cup of coffee
a piece of paper
made of wood

Quantity:

most of them
some of the students
all of us

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8. The Complete Image Map

Preposition Image Core Uses

in	📦 inside	interior space, broad time periods
on	📄 surface	contact, days and dates
at	📍 a point	specific spot, precise time
for	→ toward	purpose, duration, reason
with	∥ together	accompaniment, instrument, state
by	↝ passing	means, deadline, passive agent
from	← departing	origin, starting point, separation
to	→ arriving	direction, destination, end point
about	○ around	topic, approximation
of	∈ belonging	possession, composition, quantity

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Episode Summary

1. for → toward — purpose, duration, reason.
2. with ∥ together — accompaniment, instrument, state.
3. by ↝ passing — means, deadline, passive agent.
4. from ← departing — origin, starting point, separation.
5. to → arriving — direction, destination, end point.
6. about ○ circling — topic, approximation.
7. of ∈ belonging — possession, composition, quantity.

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Coming Up Next

Episode 19 — Adjectives: How to Bring Nouns to Life

Adjectives don't just describe — their position changes meaning, and their order follows a hidden pattern that native speakers follow instinctively. Time to make it conscious.

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© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 3 — Episode 18 "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

 

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