Episode 07 — 의문문과 부정문: 문장을 뒤집는 두 가지 방법

MisoEnglish Grammar Series

Episode 07 — 의문문과 부정문

문장을 뒤집는 두 가지 방법

"문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" Don't memorize grammar. Feel it.

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🧭 들어가며 | Introduction

지금까지 Level 1에서 우리는 영어 문장의 뼈대를 완성했다. 주어, 동사, 목적어, 보어, 5형식, be동사, 일반동사.

Throughout Level 1, we've built the skeleton of English sentences. Subject, verb, object, complement, 5 patterns, "be," regular verbs.

이제 그 문장을 뒤집는 법을 배울 차례다. "아니다"라고 말하는 법, 그리고 "맞아?"라고 묻는 법.

Now it's time to learn how to flip those sentences. How to say "no" — and how to ask "really?"

부정문과 의문문은 단순히 단어를 추가하거나 순서를 바꾸는 게 아니다. 동사의 종류에 따라 작동 방식이 완전히 달라진다. 이 편에서 그 모든 것을 한 번에 정리한다.

Negatives and questions aren't just about adding words or changing order. The mechanism changes completely depending on the type of verb. This episode maps it all out — once and for all.

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1. 부정문의 두 가지 방법 | Two Ways to Negate

영어에서 부정문을 만드는 방법은 동사 종류에 따라 나뉜다.

In English, how you negate a sentence depends entirely on the verb.

① be동사 / 조동사 → not을 바로 붙인다

be verbs / modal verbs → attach "not" directly

She is not (isn't) tired.
그녀는 피곤하지 않다.

They are not (aren't) here.
그들은 여기 없다.

He was not (wasn't) ready.
그는 준비가 안 됐다.

You should not (shouldn't) worry.
걱정하지 않아도 돼.

I will not (won't) give up.
나는 포기하지 않을 것이다.

② 일반동사 → do/does/did + not + 동사원형

regular verbs → do/does/did + not + base verb

I don't know.
모른다.

She doesn't like it.
그녀는 그것을 좋아하지 않는다.

They didn't come.
그들은 오지 않았다.

한눈에 비교 | Side by Side

동사 종류 Verb Type 부정 방법 How to Negate 예문 Example

be동사 (현재)	is/am/are + not	She isn't happy.
be동사 (과거)	was/were + not	He wasn't there.
조동사 Modal	modal + not	You shouldn't do that.
일반동사 (현재, I/You/We/They)	don't + 동사원형	I don't eat meat.
일반동사 (현재, He/She/It)	doesn't + 동사원형	She doesn't know.
일반동사 (과거)	didn't + 동사원형	He didn't come.

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2. 의문문의 두 가지 방법 | Two Ways to Ask

의문문도 마찬가지다. 동사 종류에 따라 방법이 다르다.

Same principle applies to questions. The method changes with the verb.

① be동사 / 조동사 → 주어 앞으로 이동

be verbs / modal verbs → move to the front, before the subject

Is she tired?
그녀는 피곤해?

Are they here?
그들 여기 있어?

Was he ready?
그는 준비됐었어?

Should I go?
내가 가야 할까?

Will you help me?
나 도와줄 거야?

Can she swim?
그녀 수영할 수 있어?

② 일반동사 → Do/Does/Did를 앞으로

regular verbs → bring Do/Does/Did to the front

Do you like coffee?
커피 좋아해?

Does she work here?
그녀 여기서 일해?

Did he call you?
그가 너한테 전화했어?

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3. 의문사 의문문 | Question Word Questions

"예/아니오"가 아닌 구체적인 정보를 묻고 싶을 때는 **의문사(Wh- words)**를 문장 맨 앞에 붙인다.

When you want specific information — not just yes or no — question words (Wh- words) go at the very front.

의문사 종류 | Question Words

의문사 묻는 것 예문

What	무엇	What do you want?
Who	누구	Who did you meet?
Where	어디	Where does she live?
When	언제	When did it happen?
Why	왜	Why are you late?
How	어떻게	How do you know?
Which	어느 것	Which one do you prefer?
Whose	누구의	Whose bag is this?

의문사 의문문 어순 | Word Order

의문사 + do/does/did + 주어 + 동사원형 ?
Question word + do/does/did + subject + base verb?

What do you eat for breakfast?
아침에 뭐 먹어?

Where did she go?
그녀 어디 갔어?

Why doesn't he answer?
왜 그는 대답 안 해?

How did you find out?
어떻게 알았어?

be동사·조동사 문장이면:

의문사 + be동사/조동사 + 주어 ?
Question word + be/modal + subject?

Why are you tired?
왜 피곤해?

Where is she?
그녀 어디 있어?

What should I do?
나 어떻게 해야 해?

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4. Who / What이 주어일 때 | When Who / What Is the Subject

여기서 많은 학습자들이 헷갈린다. 의문사가 주어 역할을 할 때는 do/does/did가 필요 없다.

This is where many learners get confused. When the question word is the subject, you don't need do/does/did.

주어가 아닌 경우 (do 필요):

Who did you call?
← "you"가 주어, "who"는 목적어 누구에게 전화했어?

주어인 경우 (do 불필요):

Who called you?
← "who"가 주어 누가 너한테 전화했어?

What happened?
← "what"이 주어 무슨 일이 있었어?

Who broke the window?
← "who"가 주어 누가 창문을 깼어?

비교해보기 | Compare:

Who did she meet?
→ She met someone.
← someone이 목적어 위치

Who met her?
→ Someone met her.
← someone이 주어 위치

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5. 부가의문문 | Tag Questions

영어에는 문장 끝에 짧은 질문을 붙이는 부가의문문이 있다. "그렇지?", "아니지?" 라고 확인하는 방식이다.

English has tag questions — short questions tacked onto the end of a statement. They're the equivalent of "right?" or "isn't that so?" in Korean.

규칙 | The Rule

긍정문 → 부정 tag Positive statement → negative tag

She is tired, isn't she?
그녀 피곤하지, 그렇지?

You like it, don't you?
좋아하지, 그렇지?

He went there, didn't he?
거기 갔잖아, 그렇지?

부정문 → 긍정 tag Negative statement → positive tag

She isn't tired, is she?
그녀 피곤하지 않잖아, 그렇지?

You don't like it, do you?
좋아하지 않잖아, 그렇지?

💡 패턴 | Pattern

[주절의 동사 종류] → [같은 종류의 조동사] + [주어 대명사]

It is cold, isn't it? They can swim, can't they? You have met her, haven't you? She works here, doesn't she?

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6. 전체 정리 — 문장 뒤집기 완전 지도 | Complete Map

평서문 (긍정)
She is tired. / She works hard. / She can swim.
        ↓              ↓                ↓
     부정문           부정문            부정문
She isn't tired. / She doesn't work hard. / She can't swim.
        ↓              ↓                ↓
     의문문           의문문            의문문
Is she tired? / Does she work hard? / Can she swim?
        ↓              ↓                ↓
   의문사 의문문    의문사 의문문      의문사 의문문
Why is she tired? / How does she work? / Where can she swim?

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📌 이번 편 요약 | Episode Summary

1. 부정문: be/조동사는 not 직접 붙이기, 일반동사는 don't/doesn't/didn't Negatives: "not" directly with be/modals; don't/doesn't/didn't with regular verbs.
2. 의문문: be/조동사는 앞으로 이동, 일반동사는 Do/Does/Did 앞으로 Questions: move be/modals to front; bring Do/Does/Did to front for regular verbs.
3. 의문사는 항상 맨 앞 — 그 뒤 어순은 일반 의문문과 동일 Question words always go first — word order after is the same as regular questions.
4. Who/What이 주어면 do 불필요 — "Who called?" vs "Who did you call?" No do/does/did when Who/What is the subject.
5. 부가의문문: 긍정 → 부정 tag, 부정 → 긍정 tag Tag questions: positive → negative tag; negative → positive tag.

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🎉 Level 1 완료! | Level 1 Complete!

Episode 01부터 07까지, 영어의 본성과 문장의 뼈대를 완성했다.

From Episode 01 to 07, we've built the foundation — the nature of English and the skeleton of its sentences.

편 주제

01	영어는 어떤 언어인가 — 한국어와 근본적으로 다른 이유
02	주어와 동사 — 모든 문장은 이 둘에서 시작된다
03	목적어와 보어 — 동사 뒤에 무엇이 오는가
04	영어 5형식 — 문장의 모든 틀은 다섯 개뿐이다
05	be동사 — "있다"와 "이다"를 동시에 품은 동사
06	일반동사 — 움직임과 상태를 표현하는 법
07	의문문과 부정문 — 문장을 뒤집는 두 가지 방법

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🔜 다음 레벨 예고 | Coming Up: Level 2

Level 2 — 시제의 세계 (Episodes 08–14)

영어가 시간을 동사에 새기는 방식, 그 정밀한 세계로 들어간다.

English brands time directly onto the verb. In Level 2, we enter that precise world.

Episode 08 — 현재시제 : 지금을 말하는 게 아닐 수도 있다 Present Tense: It Doesn't Always Mean Right Now

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© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 1 — Episode 07 "문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" | "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

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Questions and Negatives: Two Ways to Flip an English Sentence

The Complete Guide — All Verb Types, All Patterns

MisoEnglish Grammar Series — Episode 07

"Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

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Introduction

Every positive statement in English can be flipped in two directions: toward negation ("It's not like that") or toward a question ("Is it like that?").

But here's the thing Korean learners often miss: how you flip the sentence depends entirely on the type of verb. "Be" works one way. Regular verbs work another. And question words add another layer on top.

This episode is the complete map. By the end, flipping any English sentence — in any direction — should feel automatic.

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1. Two Ways to Negate

With "be" verbs and modal verbs → attach "not" directly

She isn't tired.
They aren't here.
He wasn't ready.
You shouldn't worry.
I won't give up.

With regular verbs → use don't / doesn't / didn't + base form

I don't know.
She doesn't like it.
They didn't come.

The full map:

Verb Type How to Negate Example

be (present)	is/am/are + not	She isn't happy.
be (past)	was/were + not	He wasn't there.
Modal	modal + not	You shouldn't do that.
Regular (present, I/You/We/They)	don't + base	I don't eat meat.
Regular (present, He/She/It)	doesn't + base	She doesn't know.
Regular (past)	didn't + base	He didn't come.

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2. Two Ways to Ask

With "be" verbs and modal verbs → move to the front

Is she tired?
Are they here?
Was he ready?
Should I go?
Can she swim?

With regular verbs → bring Do / Does / Did to the front

Do you like coffee?
Does she work here?
Did he call you?

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3. Adding Question Words

When you want specific information rather than a yes/no answer, a question word goes at the very front.

Word Asks About Example

What	thing / action	What do you want?
Who	person	Who did you meet?
Where	place	Where does she live?
When	time	When did it happen?
Why	reason	Why are you late?
How	manner / degree	How do you know?
Which	choice	Which one do you prefer?
Whose	possession	Whose bag is this?

Word order with regular verbs:

Question word + do/does/did + subject + base verb?

What do you eat for breakfast?
Where did she go?
Why doesn't he answer?

Word order with be / modals:

Question word + be/modal + subject?

Why are you tired?
Where is she?
What should I do?

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4. When Who / What Is the Subject

This is the point where many learners stumble. When who or what is the subject of the question, do/does/did disappears entirely.

"Who" as object — do/does/did needed:

Who did you call? ← you is the subject; who is what you called

"Who" as subject — no do/does/did:

Who called you? ← who is the subject

More examples where the question word is the subject:

What happened? ← what is the subject
Who broke the window? ← who is the subject
What made you change your mind? ← what is the subject

The test: if you can replace the question word with a noun and the sentence still works as a normal statement, the question word is the subject.

Who called you? → She called you. ✅ → subject position

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5. Tag Questions

Tag questions are the short confirmations tacked onto the end of a statement — the English equivalent of "right?" or "isn't that so?"

Positive statement → negative tag:

She is tired, isn't she?
You like it, don't you?
He went there, didn't he?

Negative statement → positive tag:

She isn't tired, is she?
You don't like it, do you?

The pattern: use the same auxiliary verb as the main clause, switch the polarity (positive ↔ negative), and use a pronoun for the subject.

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6. The Complete Flip Map

Positive statement
↓
Negative: attach "not" (be/modal) OR use don't/doesn't/didn't (regular)
↓
Yes/No question: move be/modal OR bring Do/Does/Did to front
↓
Wh- question: add question word at the very front
↓
Tag question: short confirmation at the end

Every English sentence you'll ever encounter can be flipped using these exact mechanisms. The key is knowing which type of verb you're working with — and letting the right pattern follow naturally.

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🎉 Level 1 Complete!

Episodes 01–07 have covered the full foundation of English: what kind of language it is, how sentences are built, and how to manipulate them. Here's the full map of what we've covered:

Episode Topic

01	What kind of language is English?
02	Subject and Verb
03	Object and Complement
04	The 5 Sentence Patterns
05	The Verb "Be"
06	Regular Verbs
07	Questions and Negatives

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Coming Up: Level 2 — The World of Tenses

English brands time directly onto the verb. In Level 2, we enter that precise world — present, past, future, progressive, perfect — and learn to feel where in time every action lives.

Episode 08 — Present Tense: It Doesn't Always Mean Right Now

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© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 1 — Episode 07 "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

 

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