Episode 04 — 영어 5형식: 문장의 모든 틀은 다섯 개뿐이다

MisoEnglish Grammar Series

Episode 04 — 영어 5형식

문장의 모든 틀은 다섯 개뿐이다

"문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" Don't memorize grammar. Feel it.

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🧭 들어가며 | Introduction

영어 문장은 아무리 길고 복잡해 보여도, 결국 다섯 가지 틀 중 하나에 들어간다.

No matter how long or complex an English sentence looks, it always fits into one of five patterns.

이 다섯 개의 틀을 5형식이라고 부른다. 1형식부터 5형식까지, 각각의 틀이 어떻게 작동하는지 이번 편에서 완성한다.

These five patterns are called the 5 sentence structures. In this episode, we'll complete the map — all five, how they work, and how to feel the difference.

앞선 두 편(02, 03)에서 주어, 동사, 목적어, 보어를 배웠다. 이제 그것들이 어떻게 조합되는지 볼 차례다.

In Episodes 02 and 03, we covered subjects, verbs, objects, and complements. Now it's time to see how they combine.

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1형식 — 주어 + 동사 | S + V

동사 하나로 문장이 완성된다. 동사 뒤에 아무것도 필요 없는 완전자동사가 쓰인다.

The verb alone completes the sentence. These verbs are complete intransitive verbs — they need nothing after them.

She laughed.
그녀가 웃었다.

He runs.
그는 달린다.

The baby cried.
아기가 울었다.

Birds fly.
새는 난다
.
It happened.
그것이 일어났다.

물론 부사나 전치사구가 붙을 수 있다. 하지만 그것들은 필수 요소가 아니다.

Adverbs or prepositional phrases can attach — but they're not required.

She laughed loudly. ✅ (loudly는 수식어, 없어도 문장 성립)
He runs every morning. ✅ (every morning은 수식어)

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2형식 — 주어 + 동사 + 보어 | S + V + C

동사 뒤에 주격 보어가 온다. 주어가 "무엇인지, 어떤 상태인지"를 설명한다. 주어 = 보어 관계가 성립한다.

A subject complement follows the verb. It describes what the subject is or what state it's in. Subject = Complement always holds.

She is a teacher.
그녀는 선생님이다. (She = a teacher)

He became famous.
그는 유명해졌다. (He = famous)

The food smells good.
음식 냄새가 좋다. (The food = good)

You look tired.
너 피곤해 보인다. (You = tired)

The sky turned gray.
하늘이 회색으로 변했다. (The sky = gray)

💡 2형식에 자주 쓰이는 동사들 | Common 2nd Pattern Verbs

동사 의미 예문

be	~이다 / ~있다	She is kind.
become	~이 되다	He became a doctor.
seem	~처럼 보이다	It seems fine.
look	~해 보이다	You look great.
feel	~하게 느껴지다	I feel tired.
sound	~하게 들리다	That sounds fun.
smell	~한 냄새가 나다	It smells amazing.
taste	~한 맛이 나다	This tastes sweet.
stay / remain	~한 상태로 있다	Stay calm.
turn / go	~로 변하다	Her face turned red.

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3형식 — 주어 + 동사 + 목적어 | S + V + O

가장 많이 쓰이는 형식. 동사 뒤에 목적어가 온다. 동사의 행위가 향하는 대상이다.

The most common pattern. An object follows the verb — the target of the action.

She loves him.
그녀는 그를 사랑한다.

I drink coffee.
나는 커피를 마신다.

He broke the window.
그는 창문을 깼다.

They finished the project.
그들은 프로젝트를 완성했다.

I know what she wants.
나는 그녀가 뭘 원하는지 안다.

⚠️ 2형식과 3형식 구분법 | Telling 2nd and 3rd Apart

She is a teacher. → 2형식 (She = a teacher ✅)
She loves a teacher. → 3형식 (She = a teacher ❌)

동사가 be / seem / look / feel 계열이면 2형식, 행위를 하는 동사(love, break, drink)면 3형식일 가능성이 높다.

If the verb is be / seem / look / feel → likely 2nd pattern. If the verb expresses action (love, break, drink) → likely 3rd pattern.

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4형식 — 주어 + 동사 + 간접목적어 + 직접목적어 | S + V + IO + DO

동사 뒤에 목적어가 두 개 온다. "누구에게(IO) + 무엇을(DO)" 순서로.

Two objects follow the verb. Order: "to whom (IO)" + "what (DO)."

He gave me a gift.
그는 나에게 선물을 줬다.

She taught us English.
그녀는 우리에게 영어를 가르쳤다.

I sent him a message.
나는 그에게 메시지를 보냈다.

Can you tell me the way?
길을 알려줄 수 있어요?

My mom made me lunch.
엄마가 나에게 점심을 만들어줬다.

💡 3형식으로 바꾸기 | Converting to 3rd Pattern

4형식은 전치사 to / for를 이용해 3형식으로 바꿀 수 있다.

4th pattern sentences can be rewritten as 3rd pattern using to or for.

He gave me a gift. → He gave a gift to me.
She taught us English. → She taught English to us.
My mom made me lunch. → My mom made lunch for me.

to vs for 구분:

• to: give, send, teach, show, tell, pass → 행위의 수신자
• for: make, buy, cook, find, get → 행위의 수혜자

Use to for: give, send, teach, show, tell → the receiver of the action. Use for for: make, buy, cook, find, get → the beneficiary of the action.

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5형식 — 주어 + 동사 + 목적어 + 목적격 보어 | S + V + O + OC

동사 뒤에 목적어 + 목적격 보어가 온다. 보어가 목적어의 상태나 정체를 설명한다. 목적어 = 목적격 보어 관계가 성립한다.

An object + object complement follows the verb. The complement describes the object's state or identity. Object = Object Complement always holds.

They call him a genius.
그들은 그를 천재라고 부른다. (him = a genius)

She made me happy.
그녀는 나를 행복하게 만들었다. (me = happy)

I found the book boring.
나는 그 책이 지루하다고 느꼈다. (the book = boring)

He kept the room clean.
그는 방을 깨끗하게 유지했다. (the room = clean)

We elected her president.
우리는 그녀를 대통령으로 선출했다. (her = president)

💡 5형식에 자주 쓰이는 동사들 | Common 5th Pattern Verbs

동사 예문

make	She made me happy.
call	They call him a hero.
find	I found it interesting.
keep	Keep it secret.
leave	Don't leave me alone.
name	They named the dog Max.
elect	We elected him leader.
consider	I consider her a friend.

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5형식 전체 정리 | All 5 Patterns at a Glance

형식 구조 핵심 예문

1형식	S + V	동사로 완결	She laughed.
2형식	S + V + C	주어 = 보어	She is a teacher.
3형식	S + V + O	동사 → 목적어	She loves him.
4형식	S + V + IO + DO	두 개의 목적어	He gave me a gift.
5형식	S + V + O + OC	목적어 = 보어	She made me happy.

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실전 감각 키우기 | Building the Feel

문장을 읽을 때마다 이 질문을 던져보자:

Ask yourself these questions every time you read a sentence:

1. 주어가 뭔가? What is the subject?
2. 동사가 뭔가? What is the verb?
3. 동사 뒤에 뭐가 왔나? What comes after the verb?
   • 아무것도 없다 → 1형식
   • 보어(주어=보어) → 2형식
   • 목적어 하나 → 3형식
   • 목적어 두 개 → 4형식
   • 목적어 + 보어(목적어=보어) → 5형식

처음엔 천천히 분석하지만, 반복하면 문장을 보는 순간 구조가 느껴진다.

At first, analyze slowly. With repetition, the structure becomes something you feel, not think about.

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📌 이번 편 요약 | Episode Summary

1. 1형식 S+V — 동사로 완결, 보어도 목적어도 없다 S+V — complete with just the verb.
2. 2형식 S+V+C — 주어=보어, be/seem/look/feel 계열 동사 S+V+C — subject = complement, stative verbs.
3. 3형식 S+V+O — 가장 흔한 형식, 동사의 행위가 목적어에 닿는다 S+V+O — most common, the action lands on the object.
4. 4형식 S+V+IO+DO — 목적어 두 개, to/for로 3형식 전환 가능 S+V+IO+DO — two objects, convertible to 3rd with to/for.
5. 5형식 S+V+O+OC — 목적어=보어, 목적어의 상태/정체 설명 S+V+O+OC — object = complement, describes the object.

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🔜 다음 편 예고 | Coming Up Next

Episode 05 — be동사 : "있다"와 "이다"를 동시에 품은 동사 The Verb "Be": The One Verb That Means Everything

be동사는 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 동사이자, 가장 많이 오해받는 동사다. am / is / are / was / were — 이것들이 단순한 연결어가 아닌 이유를 파헤친다.

"Be" is the most used verb in English — and the most misunderstood. am / is / are / was / were — we dig into why these are far more than just connectors.

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© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 1 — Episode 04 "문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" | "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

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The 5 Sentence Patterns: Every English Sentence Fits into One of These Five

The Complete Map of English Sentence Structure

MisoEnglish Grammar Series — Episode 04

"Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

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Introduction

In Episodes 02 and 03, we built up the pieces: subject, verb, object, complement. Now it's time to see how those pieces combine — and here's the remarkable thing about English:

Every sentence that has ever been written or spoken in English fits into one of exactly five patterns.

Not fifty. Not a hundred. Five. Once you internalize these five frames, the structure of any sentence — no matter how complex — becomes visible.

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Pattern 1 — S + V

The verb is complete on its own. Nothing is required after it.

She laughed.
He runs.
The baby cried.
It happened.

Adverbs and prepositional phrases can attach — She laughed loudly, He runs every morning — but they're optional. Strip them away and the sentence still stands.

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Pattern 2 — S + V + Complement

The verb is followed by a subject complement — a word or phrase that describes what the subject is or is like.

She is a teacher. → She = a teacher
He became famous. → He = famous
The food smells good. → The food = good
You look tired. → You = tired

The key: the complement and the subject refer to the same thing. They're connected by an equals sign.

Verbs that trigger this pattern: be, become, seem, look, feel, sound, smell, taste, stay, remain, turn, go.

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Pattern 3 — S + V + Object

The most common pattern in English. The verb's action travels across to hit a target — the object.

She loves him.
I drink coffee.
He broke the window.
They finished the project.

How to tell Pattern 2 from Pattern 3: apply the equals sign test.

She is a teacher. → She = a teacher ✅ → Pattern 2
She loves a teacher. → She = a teacher ❌ → Pattern 3

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Pattern 4 — S + V + Indirect Object + Direct Object

The verb takes two objects: first the recipient (to whom), then the thing (what).

He gave me a gift. She taught us English. I sent him a message. My mom made me lunch.

The indirect object is almost always a person. The direct object is almost always a thing or piece of information.

These sentences can be rewritten in Pattern 3 using to or for:

He gave a gift to me.
My mom made lunch for me.

Use to with: give, send, teach, show, tell. Use for with: make, buy, cook, find, get.

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Pattern 5 — S + V + Object + Object Complement

The verb takes an object — and then a complement that describes that object.

They call him a genius. → him = a genius
She made me happy. → me = happy
I found the book boring. → the book = boring
He kept the room clean. → the room = clean
We elected her president. → her = president

The object complement can be a noun (a genius, president) or an adjective (happy, boring, clean). Either way, it equals the object.

Common verbs for this pattern: make, call, find, keep, leave, name, elect, consider, appoint.

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All 5 Patterns at a Glance

Pattern Structure Key Feature Example

1st	S + V	Verb is complete	She laughed.
2nd	S + V + C	Subject = Complement	She is a teacher.
3rd	S + V + O	Action hits a target	She loves him.
4th	S + V + IO + DO	Two objects	He gave me a gift.
5th	S + V + O + OC	Object = Complement	She made me happy.

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Building the Feel

Every time you read an English sentence, train yourself to ask:

1. What is the subject?
2. What is the verb?
3. What comes after the verb?
   • Nothing → Pattern 1
   • A complement (subject = complement) → Pattern 2
   • One object → Pattern 3
   • Two objects → Pattern 4
   • Object + complement (object = complement) → Pattern 5

At first, this takes conscious effort. With enough repetition, it becomes instinct — you don't analyze the pattern, you feel it.

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Episode Summary

1. Pattern 1 (S+V) — the verb stands alone, complete.
2. Pattern 2 (S+V+C) — subject = complement, stative verbs.
3. Pattern 3 (S+V+O) — most common, action hits a target.
4. Pattern 4 (S+V+IO+DO) — two objects, rewritable with to/for.
5. Pattern 5 (S+V+O+OC) — object = complement.

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Coming Up Next

Episode 05 — The Verb "Be": The One Verb That Means Everything

am, is, are, was, were — these aren't just connectors. "Be" is the most fundamental verb in English, and understanding what it actually does changes the way you see every sentence it appears in.

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© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 1 — Episode 04 "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

 

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