Episode 06 — 일반동사: 움직임과 상태를 표현하는 법

 

MisoEnglish Grammar Series

Episode 06 — 일반동사

움직임과 상태를 표현하는 법

"문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" Don't memorize grammar. Feel it.

---

🧭 들어가며 | Introduction

be동사가 "존재"를 선언하는 동사라면, 일반동사는 세상의 모든 행위와 상태를 표현하는 동사다.

If "be" declares existence, regular verbs express every action and state in the world.

run, eat, think, love, know, break, sleep, believe, want, go — 영어에는 수천 개의 일반동사가 있다. 이것들이 영어 문장의 살과 피를 이룬다.

run, eat, think, love, know, break, sleep, believe, want, go — English has thousands of regular verbs. These are the flesh and blood of English sentences.

이번 편에서는 일반동사가 어떻게 변하는지, 그리고 부정문과 의문문을 어떻게 만드는지를 집중적으로 다룬다.

This episode focuses on how regular verbs change, and how to build negatives and questions with them.

---

1. 일반동사의 현재형 | Regular Verbs in the Present Tense

현재시제에서 일반동사는 딱 한 가지 규칙을 따른다. 주어가 3인칭 단수(he / she / it)일 때 동사에 -s 또는 -es를 붙인다.

In the present tense, regular verbs follow exactly one rule: When the subject is third-person singular (he/she/it), add -s or -es to the verb.

주어 Subject 동사 (work) 동사 (go)

I	work	go
You	work	go
He / She / It	works	goes
We	work	go
They	work	go

She works at a hospital. 그녀는 병원에서 일한다. He goes to the gym every day. 그는 매일 헬스장에 간다. It takes about an hour. 약 한 시간 걸린다.

-s / -es / -ies 붙이는 규칙 | Spelling Rules

동사 어미 Ending 규칙 Rule 예 Example

대부분 Most	+ -s	work → works, eat → eats
-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o	+ -es	go → goes, watch → watches
자음 + -y	-y → -ies	study → studies, fly → flies
모음 + -y	+ -s	play → plays, say → says

⚠️ 불규칙 2개는 외워야 한다 | Two Irregulars to Memorize

have → has (그는 차가 있다 → He has a car.) be → is (이건 be동사, 별개)

---

2. 일반동사의 과거형 | Regular Verbs in the Past Tense

규칙동사(Regular Verbs)의 과거형은 동사 원형에 -ed를 붙인다. 주어가 누구든 상관없이 형태가 같다.

For regular verbs, past tense is simple: add -ed to the base form. The form is the same regardless of the subject.

I worked late last night.
나는 어젯밤 늦게까지 일했다.

She walked to school.
그녀는 걸어서 학교에 갔다.

They finished the project.
그들은 프로젝트를 마쳤다.

-ed 붙이는 철자 규칙 | -ed Spelling Rules

동사 어미 Ending 규칙 Rule 예 Example

대부분 Most	+ -ed	work → worked
-e로 끝남 Ends in -e	+ -d	love → loved
자음 + -y Consonant + y	-y → -ied	study → studied
단모음 + 단자음 Short vowel + consonant	자음 두 번 + -ed	stop → stopped

불규칙 동사 (Irregular Verbs) | The Irregular Ones

영어에는 -ed를 붙이지 않는 불규칙 과거형이 많다. 이것들은 패턴을 느끼면서 익히는 것이 가장 효과적이다.

English has many verbs with irregular past forms — no -ed. The best way to learn them is to feel the patterns.

원형 Base 과거 Past 원형 Base 과거 Past

go	went	come	came
eat	ate	drink	drank
see	saw	know	knew
take	took	give	gave
get	got	make	made
run	ran	sit	sat
buy	bought	think	thought
write	wrote	break	broke
speak	spoke	bring	brought

---

3. 부정문 만들기 | Making Negative Sentences

be동사와 달리, 일반동사의 부정문에는 do / does / did가 필요하다. 이것이 be동사와 일반동사의 가장 큰 차이점이다.

Unlike "be," regular verbs need do/does/did to form negatives. This is the biggest difference between "be" and regular verbs.

현재 부정 | Present Negative

do not (don't) + 동사원형 ← I / You / We / They
does not (doesn't) + 동사원형 ← He / She / It

I don't like spicy food.
나는 매운 음식을 좋아하지 않는다.

She doesn't work on weekends.
그녀는 주말에 일하지 않는다.

They don't know the answer.
그들은 답을 모른다.

⚠️ 흔한 실수 | Common Mistakes

~~She don't like it.~~ ❌ → She doesn't like it. ✅
~~He doesn't likes it.~~ ❌ → He doesn't like it. ✅

doesn't 뒤에는 반드시 동사원형이 온다. -s를 붙이지 않는다. "doesn't"가 이미 3인칭 단수를 처리했기 때문이다.

After "doesn't," always use the base form of the verb — no -s. "Doesn't" already handles the third-person singular.

과거 부정 | Past Negative

did not (didn't) + 동사원형 ← 모든 주어 All subjects

I didn't go to the party.
나는 파티에 가지 않았다.

She didn't finish her homework.
그녀는 숙제를 끝내지 못했다.

They didn't know about it.
그들은 그것에 대해 몰랐다.

⚠️ 흔한 실수 | Common Mistakes

~~She didn't went home.~~ ❌ → She didn't go home. ✅
~~He didn't worked yesterday.~~ ❌ → He didn't work yesterday. ✅

didn't 뒤에는 반드시 동사원형. 과거형(-ed, went 등)을 쓰면 안 된다.

After "didn't," always use the base form. Never use the past form.

---

4. 의문문 만들기 | Making Questions

일반동사의 의문문도 do / does / did를 문장 앞으로 꺼낸다.

For questions with regular verbs, bring do/does/did to the front.

현재 의문문 | Present Questions

Do you like coffee?
커피 좋아해?

Does she work here?
그녀 여기서 일해?

Do they know about it?
그들은 그것에 대해 알아?

과거 의문문 | Past Questions

Did you call me?
나한테 전화했어?

Did she finish it?
그녀가 끝냈어?

Did they go to the concert?
그들 콘서트 갔어?

의문사와 함께 | With Question Words

의문사(what, where, when, why, how, who)가 있으면 의문사를 맨 앞에 둔다.

When a question word (what, where, when, why, how, who) is used, it goes at the very front.

What do you want?
뭘 원해?

Where does she live?
그녀는 어디 살아?

Why did he leave?
그는 왜 떠났어?

How do you know that?
어떻게 그걸 알아?

Who did you meet?
누구 만났어?

---

5. do의 세 가지 역할 | Three Roles of "Do"

"do"는 헷갈리는 동사다. 세 가지 역할을 동시에 한다.

"Do" is a confusing word because it plays three different roles.

① 일반동사로서의 do — "하다"

I do yoga every morning.
나는 매일 아침 요가를 한다.

She does her best.
그녀는 최선을 다한다.

② 조동사로서의 do — 부정·의문문 구성

I don't understand.
이해가 안 된다.

Do you need help?
도움이 필요해?

③ 강조의 do — 진짜로, 정말로

I do like you.
(강조) 나는 진짜로 너를 좋아해.

She does work hard.
(강조) 그녀는 정말로 열심히 일한다.

---

📌 이번 편 요약 | Episode Summary

1. 현재형 3인칭 단수에 -s/-es/-ies — He/She/It 주어일 때만 적용 Add -s/-es/-ies for third-person singular — only for he/she/it.
2. 과거형 규칙동사는 -ed — 주어 상관없이 동일 Regular past tense = -ed — same for all subjects.
3. 불규칙 동사는 패턴으로 느껴라 — go→went, eat→ate, see→saw Feel irregular verbs in patterns — go→went, eat→ate, see→saw.
4. 부정문은 don't / doesn't / didn't + 동사원형 Negatives use don't/doesn't/didn't + base verb form.
5. 의문문은 Do / Does / Did를 앞으로 — 뒤는 항상 동사원형 Questions bring Do/Does/Did to the front — base form follows.
6. do는 일반동사·조동사·강조, 세 역할을 한다 "Do" plays three roles: main verb, auxiliary, and emphasis.

---

🔜 다음 편 예고 | Coming Up Next

Episode 07 — 의문문과 부정문 : 문장을 뒤집는 두 가지 방법 Questions and Negatives: Two Ways to Flip a Sentence

be동사와 일반동사, 조동사까지.
각각의 부정문과 의문문이 어떻게 다른지 총정리한다.
Level 1의 마지막 편이자, Level 2로 넘어가기 전 최종 점검.

be verbs, regular verbs, modal verbs — all together.
A complete guide to negatives and questions across all verb types.
The final episode of Level 1 — the last checkpoint before Level 2.

---

© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 1 — Episode 06 "문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" | "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

---

---

Regular Verbs: How to Express Action and State in English

The Flesh and Blood of English Sentences

MisoEnglish Grammar Series — Episode 06

"Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

---

Introduction

In Episode 05, we covered "be" — the verb of existence. Now we turn to the vast world of regular verbs: the thousands of words that express everything a subject does, feels, thinks, wants, or experiences.

run, eat, think, love, know, break, sleep, believe, want, go.

These are the verbs that give English its motion. And to use them correctly, there are two things you need to master: how they change form, and how to build negatives and questions with them.

---

1. Regular Verbs in the Present Tense

In the present tense, one rule governs everything:

When the subject is third-person singular (he / she / it), add -s or -es to the verb.

Subject work go

I	work	go
You	work	go
He / She / It	works	goes
We	work	go
They	work	go

She works at a hospital.
He goes to the gym every day.
It takes about an hour.

Spelling rules for -s endings

Most verbs just add -s. But there are variations:

• Verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o → add -es (watch → watches, go → goes)
• Verbs ending in a consonant + y → change y to -ies (study → studies, fly → flies)
• Verbs ending in a vowel + y → just add -s (play → plays)

Two important irregulars: have → has, and of course be → is.

---

2. Regular Verbs in the Past Tense

For regular verbs, the past tense is straightforward: add -ed to the base form. The form is identical for every subject — no exceptions.

I worked late last night.
She walked to school.
They finished the project.

Spelling variations to note:

• Verb ends in -e → just add -d (love → loved)
• Consonant + y → change y to -ied (study → studied)
• Short vowel + single consonant → double the consonant + -ed (stop → stopped)

Irregular Verbs

Many of the most common English verbs don't follow the -ed pattern at all. Here are the ones worth knowing first:

Base Past Base Past

go	went	come	came
eat	ate	drink	drank
see	saw	know	knew
take	took	give	gave
get	got	make	made
run	ran	sit	sat
buy	bought	think	thought
write	wrote	break	broke

The most effective way to learn these isn't memorizing a table — it's hearing and seeing them in real sentences until the past form sounds right and the base form sounds wrong.

---

3. Making Negative Sentences

This is where regular verbs fundamentally differ from "be." You cannot simply add "not" to a regular verb. You need do / does / did.

Present negative:

I don't like spicy food.
She doesn't work on weekends.
They don't know the answer.

Past negative:

I didn't go to the party.
She didn't finish her homework.
They didn't know about it.

Two mistakes that appear constantly among Korean learners:

~~She don't like it.~~ ❌ → She doesn't like it. ✅
~~He doesn't likes it.~~ ❌ → He doesn't like it. ✅
~~She didn't went home.~~ ❌ → She didn't go home. ✅

The key principle: after don't, doesn't, or didn't — always use the base form of the verb. Never the -s form, never the past form. "Doesn't" already handles third-person singular. "Didn't" already handles past tense. The verb itself goes back to zero.

---

4. Making Questions

Questions with regular verbs follow the same logic as negatives — bring do / does / did to the front.

Present questions:

Do you like coffee?
Does she work here?
Do they know about it?

Past questions:

Did you call me?
Did she finish it?
Did they go to the concert?

With question words:

What do you want?
Where does she live?
Why did he leave?
How do you know that?
Who did you meet?

When a question word is present, it goes at the very front — then do/does/did — then the subject — then the base verb.

---

5. The Three Roles of "Do"

"Do" is one of the most versatile — and most confusing — words in English. It plays three distinct roles:

As a main verb meaning "to perform":

I do yoga every morning.
She does her best.

As an auxiliary verb for negatives and questions:

I don't understand.
Do you need help?

As an emphatic verb meaning "truly" or "really":

I do like you. (emphatic — I really do)
She does work hard. (emphatic — she genuinely does)

The emphatic "do" is particularly useful in spoken English when you want to push back on a doubt or add conviction to a statement.

---

Episode Summary

1. Third-person singular gets -s/-es/-ies — only for he/she/it in present tense.
2. Regular past tense = -ed — same form for all subjects.
3. Irregular verbs have their own past forms — feel them in patterns.
4. Negatives use don't/doesn't/didn't + base form — never the conjugated form.
5. Questions bring Do/Does/Did to the front — base form always follows.
6. "Do" has three roles — main verb, auxiliary, and emphatic.

---

Coming Up Next

Episode 07 — Questions and Negatives: Two Ways to Flip a Sentence

We've now seen how "be" and regular verbs each handle negatives and questions differently. Episode 07 brings it all together — a complete map of how to flip any English sentence, across all verb types, before we move into Level 2.

---

© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 1 — Episode 06 "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

 

⚠️ 저작권 안내

본 블로그(MisoEnglish · slowblooms.tistory.com)의 모든 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 글, 예시 문장, 분석 내용 등 블로그에 게시된 모든 창작물은 저작자의 동의 없이 무단으로 복사, 복제, 배포, 2차 가공하는 행위를 금지합니다. 출처를 밝히지 않은 전재, SNS·커뮤니티·타 블로그 등에의 무단 게시, 상업적 이용은 모두 금지되며, 무단 불펌 적발 시 저작권법에 따라 법적 조치가 취해질 수 있습니다. 콘텐츠 사용 문의는 slowblooms.tistory.com으로 연락 주세요.

© MisoEnglish · slowblooms.tistory.com. All rights reserved.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

⚠️ Copyright Notice

All content published on this blog (MisoEnglish · slowblooms.tistory.com) is protected by copyright law. Copying, reproducing, distributing, or adapting any written posts, example sentences, or analyses without the explicit consent of the author is strictly prohibited. Unauthorised reposting on other blogs, social media, online communities, or any public platform — with or without modification — is not permitted, and may result in legal action under applicable copyright law. For content licensing enquiries, please contact us via slowblooms.tistory.com.

© MisoEnglish · slowblooms.tistory.com. All rights reserved.