Episode 27 — 접속사: 문장과 문장을 연결하는 법

MisoEnglish Grammar Series

Episode 27 — 접속사

문장과 문장을 연결하는 법

"문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" Don't memorize grammar. Feel it.

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🧭 들어가며 | Introduction

짧은 문장들을 나열하면 유치하게 들린다.

Short sentences strung together sound childish.

I was tired. I went to bed. I slept well.

이 세 문장을 접속사로 연결하면?

Connect them with conjunctions?

I was tired, so I went to bed, and I slept well.

문장이 흘러가기 시작한다. 접속사는 아이디어와 아이디어 사이의 논리적 관계를 만든다.

The sentence starts to flow. Conjunctions create the logical relationship between ideas.

영어의 접속사는 크게 두 가지로 나뉜다. 등위접속사와 종속접속사. 이 둘의 차이를 이해하는 것이 이번 편의 출발점이다.

English conjunctions fall into two main categories: coordinating and subordinating. Understanding the difference is where this episode begins.

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1. 등위접속사 | Coordinating Conjunctions

문법적으로 동등한 두 요소를 연결한다. 단어와 단어, 구와 구, 문장과 문장.

Connects two grammatically equal elements. Word to word, phrase to phrase, sentence to sentence.

FANBOYS — 7개의 등위접속사

For / And / Nor / But / Or / Yet / So

접속사 의미 예문

for	왜냐하면 (이유)	I stayed home, for it was raining.
and	그리고 (추가)	She sings and dances.
nor	도 아니다 (부정 추가)	He can't sing, nor can he dance.
but	하지만 (대조)	I tried, but I failed.
or	또는 (선택)	Coffee or tea?
yet	그런데도 (예상 밖 대조)	She's young, yet very wise.
so	그래서 (결과)	It rained, so we stayed inside.

문장 연결 시 쉼표 | Comma Before Coordinating Conjunctions

두 **완전한 문장(독립절)**을 연결할 때는 접속사 앞에 쉼표를 쓴다.

When joining two independent clauses, use a comma before the conjunction.

She was tired**, but** she kept working. ✅
~~She was tired but she kept working.~~ ← 쉼표 없으면 어색

단어나 구를 연결할 때는 쉼표 없음. No comma when joining words or phrases.

He is tall and handsome. ✅ (단어 연결)
I like coffee and tea. ✅ (단어 연결)

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2. 종속접속사 | Subordinating Conjunctions

**주절(Main Clause)**과 **종속절(Subordinate Clause)**을 연결한다. 종속절은 홀로 쓰이면 불완전하다.

Connects a main clause with a subordinate clause. The subordinate clause is incomplete on its own.

시간 | Time

when — ~할 때
while — ~하는 동안
after — ~한 후에
before — ~하기 전에
until / till — ~할 때까지
as soon as — ~하자마자
since — ~한 이후로

I'll call you when I arrive.
도착하면 전화할게.

She listens to music while she studies.
공부하는 동안 음악을 듣는다.

After the meeting ended, we had lunch.
회의가 끝난 후, 우리는 점심을 먹었다.

Wait here until I come back.
내가 돌아올 때까지 여기서 기다려.

As soon as she saw him, she smiled.
그를 보자마자 그녀는 미소 지었다.

이유 | Reason / Cause

because — ~하기 때문에 (가장 직접적)
since — ~이므로 (이미 알려진 이유)
as — ~이므로 (격식, 문어체)

I stayed home because I was sick.
아팠기 때문에 집에 있었다.

Since you're here, let's start.
네가 여기 있으니, 시작하자.

As it was getting late, we decided to leave.
늦어지고 있었으므로, 우리는 떠나기로 했다.

양보 | Concession (반전)

although / though / even though — 비록 ~일지라도
even if — 설령 ~일지라도 (가정)
while — ~인 반면 (대조)

Although she was tired, she kept working.
피곤했지만, 그녀는 계속 일했다.

Even though it was raining, we went out.
비가 왔지만, 우리는 나갔다.

Even if I fail, I won't give up. 실패하더라도,
나는 포기하지 않을 것이다.

⚠️ although vs even though

although — 단순한 대조
even though — 더 강한 강조 ("그럼에도 불구하고")

조건 | Condition

if — 만약 ~하면
unless — ~하지 않으면 (= if ~ not)
as long as — ~하는 한
provided (that) — ~라는 조건으로

If it rains, I'll stay home.
비가 오면, 집에 있을게.

Unless you hurry, you'll be late.
서두르지 않으면, 늦을 거야.

I'll help you as long as you try.
네가 노력하는 한, 도와줄게.

목적 | Purpose

so that — ~하기 위해서, ~하도록
in order that — ~하기 위해서 (격식)

She studied hard so that she could pass.
합격하기 위해 열심히 공부했다.

Speak clearly so that everyone can understand.
모두가 이해할 수 있도록 명확하게 말해.

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3. 상관접속사 | Correlative Conjunctions

두 개가 쌍으로 쓰이는 접속사.

These come in pairs.

쌍 Pair 의미 예문

both A and B	A와 B 둘 다	She speaks both English and French.
either A or B	A 또는 B	You can have either tea or coffee.
neither A nor B	A도 B도 아니다	He likes neither coffee nor tea.
not only A but also B	A뿐만 아니라 B도	She is not only smart but also kind.
whether A or B	A인지 B인지	I don't know whether to go or stay.

수 일치 | Subject-Verb Agreement

상관접속사가 주어에 쓰일 때 동사의 수 일치.

When correlative conjunctions are used as subjects:

Both she and he are wrong. (둘 다 → 복수)
Either she or he is wrong. (가까운 쪽 → 단수)
Neither she nor they are right. (가까운 쪽 → 복수)

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4. 접속부사 | Conjunctive Adverbs

접속사처럼 두 문장을 연결하지만, 부사이기 때문에 문장 구조가 다르다.

Like conjunctions, these connect two sentences — but they're adverbs, so the structure differs.

문장1. + 접속부사, + 문장2.
또는
문장1; + 접속부사, + 문장2.

접속부사 의미

however	하지만, 그러나
therefore	그러므로, 따라서
moreover / furthermore	게다가, 더욱이
nevertheless / nonetheless	그럼에도 불구하고
consequently	결과적으로
in addition	게다가
for example	예를 들어
in other words	다시 말해

It was raining. However, we went for a walk.
She worked hard.Therefore, she succeeded.
I was tired. Nevertheless, I kept going.

⚠️ but vs however

but = 접속사 → 문장 중간에 쉼표와 함께
however = 접속부사 → 새 문장 앞, 또는 세미콜론(;) 뒤

I tried**, but** I failed. ✅
I tried. However, I failed. ✅
~~I tried, however, I failed.~~ ❌
(쉼표만으로 두 절 연결 불가 — comma splice)

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5. 종속절의 위치 | Position of Subordinate Clauses

종속절은 주절 앞에도, 뒤에도 올 수 있다. 앞에 올 때는 쉼표를 쓴다.

Subordinate clauses can come before or after the main clause. When they come first, use a comma.

I'll call you when I arrive. ✅(종속절 뒤)
When I arrive, I'll call you. ✅(종속절 앞 → 쉼표 필요)

She kept working although she was tired. ✅
Although she was tired, she kept working. ✅

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📌 이번 편 요약 | Episode Summary

1. 등위접속사(FANBOYS) — for/and/nor/but/or/yet/so / 두 절 사이 쉼표 Coordinating (FANBOYS) — for/and/nor/but/or/yet/so / comma between clauses.
2. 종속접속사 — 시간/이유/양보/조건/목적 / 종속절은 홀로 불완전 Subordinating — time/reason/concession/condition/purpose / subordinate clause is incomplete alone.
3. 상관접속사 — both~and / either~or / neither~nor / not only~but also Correlative — both~and / either~or / neither~nor / not only~but also.
4. 접속부사 — however/therefore/moreover / 새 문장으로 시작 Conjunctive adverbs — however/therefore/moreover / start a new sentence.
5. 종속절이 앞에 오면 쉼표 — When I arrive, I'll call you. Comma after fronted subordinate clause — When I arrive, I'll call you.
6. but vs however — but은 접속사(쉼표와 함께), however는 접속부사(새 문장) but = conjunction (with comma); however = conjunctive adverb (new sentence).

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🔜 다음 편 예고 | Coming Up Next

Episode 28 — 가정법 : 현실이 아닌 세계를 말하는 법 Conditionals: How to Talk About Worlds That Aren't Real

"만약 내가 새라면, 날아갈 텐데." 가정법은 현실이 아닌 세계, 불가능한 소망, 가정된 상황을 표현한다. If절의 네 가지 유형과 그 뉘앙스를 완전히 파헤친다. 그리고 이것이 MisoEnglish 시리즈의 마지막 편이다.

"If I were a bird, I would fly away." Conditionals express worlds that aren't real — impossible wishes, hypothetical situations. Four types of if-clauses, all their nuances — completely mapped. And this is the final episode of the MisoEnglish series.

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© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 4 — Episode 27 "문법을 외우지 말고, 느껴라" | "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

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Conjunctions: How to Connect Sentences and Ideas

Coordinating, Subordinating, Correlative — The Complete Map

MisoEnglish Grammar Series — Episode 27

"Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

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Introduction

Short sentences strung together sound choppy and childish.

I was tired. I went to bed. I slept well.

Conjunctions turn that into something that flows:

I was tired, so I went to bed, and I slept well.

But conjunctions don't just connect — they define the logical relationship between ideas. And adds. But contrasts. Because explains. Although concedes. Choosing the right conjunction is choosing how ideas relate.

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1. Coordinating Conjunctions — FANBOYS

Seven conjunctions that join grammatically equal elements.

For / And / Nor / But / Or / Yet / So

Conjunction Meaning Example

for	reason (formal)	I stayed home, for it was raining.
and	addition	She sings and dances.
nor	negative addition	He can't sing, nor can he dance.
but	contrast	I tried, but I failed.
or	choice	Coffee or tea?
yet	unexpected contrast	She's young, yet very wise.
so	result	It rained, so we stayed inside.

Comma rule: Use a comma before the conjunction when joining two independent clauses.

She was tired**, but** she kept working. ✅
He is tall and handsome. ✅ (no comma — joining words)

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2. Subordinating Conjunctions

Connect a main clause with a subordinate clause that is incomplete on its own.

Time

when — I'll call you when I arrive.
while — She listens to music
while she studies.
after — After the meeting ended, we had lunch.
before — Finish this before you leave.
until — Wait here until I come back.
as soon as — As soon as she saw him, she smiled.

Reason / Cause

because — I stayed home because I was sick. (most direct)
since — Since you're here, let's start. (known reason)
as — As it was late, we left. (formal/literary)

Concession

although / though / even though —
Although she was tired, she kept working.
even if —
Even if I fail, I won't give up. (hypothetical)

although = simple contrast
even though = stronger emphasis — "despite the fact that"

Condition

if — If it rains, I'll stay home.
unless — Unless you hurry, you'll be late. (= if ~ not)
as long as — I'll help you as long as you try.

Purpose

so that — She studied hard so that she could pass.
Speak clearly so that everyone can understand.

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3. Correlative Conjunctions

These come in pairs.

Pair Meaning Example

both A and B	A and B together	She speaks both English and French.
either A or B	one or the other	You can have either tea or coffee.
neither A nor B	not A, not B	He likes neither coffee nor tea.
not only A but also B	A, and additionally B	She is not only smart but also kind.
whether A or B	A or B (uncertainty)	I don't know whether to go or stay.

Subject-verb agreement:

Both she and he are wrong. (both → plural)
Either she or he is wrong. (closer noun → singular)
Neither she nor they are right. (closer noun → plural)

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4. Conjunctive Adverbs

These connect sentences like conjunctions — but they're adverbs, so the structure is different.

Sentence 1. Conjunctive adverb, sentence 2.
OR
Sentence 1; conjunctive adverb, sentence 2.

Word Meaning

however	but, on the other hand
therefore	as a result
moreover / furthermore	in addition
nevertheless / nonetheless	despite that
consequently	as a consequence
in addition	also
for example	for instance

It was raining. However, we went for a walk.
She worked hard. Therefore, she succeeded.

but vs. however:

I tried**, but** I failed. ✅
(conjunction — comma before) I tried. However, I failed. ✅
(conjunctive adverb — new sentence) ~~I tried, however, I failed.~~ ❌
(comma splice — two clauses can't be joined by just a comma)

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5. Position of Subordinate Clauses

Subordinate clauses can come before or after the main clause. When they come first, use a comma.

I'll call you when I arrive. ✅
When I arrive, I'll call you. ✅ (comma after fronted clause)

She kept working although she was tired. ✅
Although she was tired, she kept working. ✅

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Episode Summary

1. Coordinating (FANBOYS) — for/and/nor/but/or/yet/so / comma between clauses.
2. Subordinating — time, reason, concession, condition, purpose.
3. Correlative — both~and / either~or / neither~nor / not only~but also.
4. Conjunctive adverbs — however/therefore / new sentence, not mid-sentence comma.
5. Fronted subordinate clause → comma — When I arrive, I'll call you.
6. but = conjunction / however = adverb — different structure, different punctuation.

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Coming Up Next

Episode 28 — Conditionals: How to Talk About Worlds That Aren't Real

"If I were a bird, I would fly away." Conditionals let us talk about hypothetical situations, impossible wishes, and alternate realities. Four types, all their nuances — and the final episode of the MisoEnglish series.

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© MisoEnglish Grammar Series | Level 4 — Episode 27 "Don't memorize grammar. Feel it."

 

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